17C-5 |
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I. WEISS1, K. D. Hayes1, L. J. Mauer1, B. Bugbee2, and M. H. Perchonok3. (1) Dept. of Food Science, Purdue Univ., 745 Agriculture Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, (2) Department of Plants, Soils, and Biometeorology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, (3) National Space Biomedical Research Instititute, NASA-Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Rd. 1, Mail Code SF3, Houston, TX 77058 Cereal grains and their products will be included in long-term space missions beyond low earth orbit. Wheat is a candidate crop for the Advanced Life Support system and will likely be grown with other crops to provide food, oxygen, and water purification during extended planetary research missions. Apogee and Perigee are hard red spring wheat cultivars with dwarf and super-dwarf heights, respectively, developed at Utah State University for growth in space. Unique characteristics of these cultivars include: short height at full maturity, high edible bio-mass production per unit area, and elevated protein levels. The chemical and physical characteristics of these wheat cultivars important for functionality in foods have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize Apogee and Perigee wheat cultivars and compare them to common terrestrial wheat varieties using chemical and physical assays. Apogee and Perigee were grown hydroponically and in the field at Utah State University. Yecora Rojo, Parshall, and Yavaros 91 were purchased from commercial seed suppliers. Yecora Rojo and Parshall are hard red spring wheats, while Yarvaros 91 is a durum wheat. Chemical assays conducted on all wheat varieties were: proximate analysis, non-protein nitrogen, nitrate content, free-amino acid content, insoluble polymeric protein content, and total antioxidant capacity. Physical assays conducted on all wheat varieties were farinograph and plate rheometery measurements. Wheats were compared by wheat type, growth media (field vs hydroponic), and flour type (whole-wheat vs white) for these asssays. Wheat grown hydroponically exhibited higher protein levels than field grown wheat. Non-protein nitrogen was not accumulated as urea or ammonia. Nitrate levels, free-amino acid content, insoluble polymeric protein content, and total antioxidant capacity varied between varieties and growth conditions.
Session 17C, Food Chemistry: Cereals, grains, legumes and their products
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