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D. K. LAYMAN, Dept. of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Ave., 439 Bevier Hall, MC 182, Urbana, IL 61801 Obesity is a major public health concern in the United States. Claims about merits or risks of high protein versus high carbohydrate (CHO) diets for weight loss are extensive; yet the ideal ratio of dietary protein versus CHO for adult health remains unknown. Our research focuses on evaluating the efficacy of diets with modified ratios of CHO/protein to produce weight loss, changes in body composition and changes in metabolic regulation. We have evaluated weight loss with adult women (40 – 56 yrs old, BMI > 27) using diets that were either high in carbohydrates (CHO Group: CHO/Protein ratio of 3.5) or high in protein (Protein Group: CHO/protein ratio of 1.4). We have completed two human trials with 48 women (Study 1: 10 weeks with diet only; Study 2: 16 weeks with diet plus exercise). For all groups, diets were isocaloric (1700 kcal/day) with the same level of fat (STEP 1 guidelines). Women in the Protein Group in Study 1 reduced body weight by 7.53 kg with 86% of the weight loss derived from body fat and no statistical loss of lean body mass and in Study 2 reduce body weight by 9.82 kg with 95% from body fat. Women in the CHO Group in Study 1 lost 6.96 kg with 78% from body fat and 21% from muscle mass and in Study 2 loss 6.73 kg with 83% from body fat. Both diet groups reduced total cholesterol and LDL-C by ~10% while the Protein Group also reduced fasting TAG by over 22% and increased HDL-C. Women in the CHO Group exhibited higher insulin responses to meals and post-prandial hypoglycemia, while women in the Protein Group reported greater satiety. These studies demonstrate that increasing the proportion of protein to CHO in the diet of adult women can have positive effects on weight loss, body composition, blood lipids, and glucose homeostasis.
Session 70, A role of dairy foods in weight management
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