15C-11 |
The effects of apple pomace on small fruit quality |
T. S. GENTRY1, A. W. Bates2, and J. S. Roberts1. (1) Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, (2) Biology Department, William Smith College, Geneva, NY 14456 The use of small fruit (berries) has shown large growth in the juice industry, particularly in blended juice products. With raw berries being expensive, high yields are important. Therefore, screw presses, which require press aids to work properly, are frequently used during juice extraction. Common press aids include rice hulls and paper; however, off-flavors can be imparted into the juice. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of press aids on berry juice quality and evaluate the potential of apple pomace as a press aid. Strawberries and raspberries were compared using 1% rice hulls (standard press aid) and 1% apple pomace and extraction of blueberry juice compared 1% paper (standard press aid) and 1% apple pomace. The juices were evaluated for juice yield, color, soluble solids, and total phenolics. Triangle tests were conducted to detect differences between press aids. Liquid-liquid extractions of the press aids and the juices were analyzed to determine possible compounds extracted during processing. Finally, flavor profiles were determined by GC-O and confirmed with mass spectroscopy. Juice yields were similar between the standard press aid and the apple pomace. Sensory tests indicated differences between press aids. The berry juice pressed with apple pomace was preferred to the control. Furthermore, raspberry and blueberry juices were reported as sweeter with a fuller flavor and a fresh taste. Whereas, juices processed with either rice hulls or paper were describes as bitter, stringent and having a woody flavor. The use of apple pomace as an alternative press aid is promising. Several "apple flavor" compounds (beta-damascenone) have low flavor thresholds that either impart flavor or mask existing flavors. Apple pomace would be an inexpensive readily available press aid. Juice yields are comparable and the flavor is more acceptable to consumers.
Session 15C, Food Chemistry: Food composition and analysis
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