46E-4 |
Enzymatic hydrolysis of shark (Gynglimnostoma cirroatum) raw muscle |
M. P. de Oliveira Studart Gurgel, Univ. Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, G. H. Fernandes Vieira, Univ. do Vale do Acarau, Ceara, Brazil, R. H. Silva dos Fernandes Vieira, Instituto de Ciencias do Mar, LABOMAR, Univ. Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, and A. M. MARTIN, Dept. of Biochemistry, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, Saint John's, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. Shark biomass is commonly underutilized in many areas of the world, in spite of the high nutritional value of its protein. Protein hydrolysis by enzymes results in a mixture containing protein, peptides and amino acids, which could be incorporated into other foods. Generally, the functional properties of this mixture are better than those of the native protein. The objective of the present work was to study the efficiency of several proteolytic enzymes in the hydrolysis of shark (Gynglimnostoma cirroatum) muscle. Shark muscle was washed three times with distilled water and mixed in the proportion of 1:2 (muscle/water). Pancreatin, papain or protease was added to the mixture, individually, at concentrations of 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 and 0,5% of the substrate total weight. The enzymatic reaction took place at 40oC in an agitated water-bath for 120 minutes. The pH of the medium was measured at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. If required, 0.1% NaOH was added to keep a pH of 7.5. The reaction rate was measured by the degree of hydrolysis. Statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences in the results as a function of the enzymes, times, and enzyme concentrations used. The best results (highest degree of hydrolysis) were produced with the enzyme pancreatin. Optimal reaction times were 90 and 120 minutes, and optimal enzyme concentrations were 0.4 and 0.5%. The degrees of hydrolysis produced with papain were approximately half than those produced with pancreatin. Maximum results for papain were found at 60, 90 and 120 minutes, at enzyme concentrations of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%. The hydrolysis rates for protease were significantly lower. With a hydrolyzate yield of 51.90% of the shark muscle protein, the optimized process is promising as a novel way to process underutilized marine biomass and to produce protein concentrates.
Session 46E, International
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