6-5

P. ADAMS, SteriGenics International Inc., 1661 International Drive, Suite 350, Memphis, TN 38120-1415

Irradiation of food and food packaging has increased dramatically during the last 15 years. While gamma irradiation is currently the predominant irradiation method, food processors are focusing attention on e-beam and x-ray to pasteurize a wide range of fresh and processed meats, fruits, and vegetables which are expected to be approved for irradiation within the next eighteen months. Irradiation, through decades of testing and use, has been demonstrated to effectively reduce pathogens and insects in hundreds of food products. E-beam processing, suitable for foods up to approximately 7-8 cm thick (depending on density), is viable for many in-plant operations. Individually packaged products can be treated prior to packing in shipping containers. To achieve maximum penetration, double-sided irradiation is used but this process creates challenges to controlling the spread between the minimum and maximum doses within the products. Techniques to mitigate some of this effect will be discussed. X-ray processing offers the penetration benefits of gamma processing (30+ cm) but requires significantly higher energy. X-rays can effectively process most radiation-tolerant foods in their final shipping cartons, providing increased logistics flexibility as well as a treatment means for thick, non-uniform and bone-in products. The development of high-powered accelerators has increased the cost competitiveness for x-ray processing. Photographs, diagrams, and comparative charts will be used to clearly depict the benefits and limitations of both technologies. Diagrams and descriptions of the first high-powered combined e-beam/x-ray facility in North America will be presented. Also, the details of an IBA initiative, that will dramatically improve the cost efficacy of x-rays, will be shared. Increased access and acceptance of food irradiation has been initiated by the food industry under the umbrella of the Food Irradiation Coalition. This group comprises more than 20 food industry trade associations, and some of their future activities will be discussed.